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Maori flutes

On Monday Mr xxx spoke about the different ceremonial instruments - thier origins, how they are made and what they are used for. He enthralled the audience by playing each one, some sitting down, some standing - depending on the breath required.

Koauau (Maori flutes) are made from wood or bone (both human and animal); they commonly have three holes but some have one or two and are made for left and right-handers.

The Chatham Islands koauau has no holes with the fingers manipulated through the base to change notes. Koauau sound is also varied by breathing technique and manipulation of the lips.

Each koauau is created from material that reflects the ceremony it' intended to be used at, Mr xxx says.

For example, the koauau played during ta moko is made from albatross bone, the same as the chisel used for tattooing.

He has also played the koauau at tangi - blocking the base with one's fingers gives a totally different tone.

Another member of the koauau family is the smaller nguru, which can be played with the moth or nose.

Traditionally played around pregnant women to soothe the child in the womb, Mr xxx made one when his then partner was pregnant with their son, fashioning soapstone using screwdriver, sanding block and file.

He discovered the nguru is als useful post-birth to get the child to fall asleep. Nguru can also be made from wood.

The putorino is another type of wooden flute which can be played from both the end and the hole in the thicker centre. It was used by a man to let a woman know he was interested in her, to soothe mother and baby during childbirth and - played like a trumpet - once the child was born to alert the living of their new responsibility to the new-born and to awaken tipuna.

Mr xxx says putorino made from matai, totara, rimu and manuka, are "incredibley hard to make".

Mr xxx taught himself to play the various koauau and says how each instrument is played depends on how the musician feels at the time. A jazz fan, Mr xxx became interested in koauau when he discovered the grandparents of his great uncle played koauau to him. Mr xxx started making the instruments ans learning about them.